As a result of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendmentsl, electric power plants must reduce their emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxides—the primary causes of acid rain. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in its proposed rules2, designates the 111 Phase I fossil-fueled plants (roughly 268 boiler units) that must have continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) installed, certified and operational by November 15, 1993. The EPA also designates the 662 Phase II plants (roughly 2,200 boiler units) that have a January 1, 1995 deadline.